Introduction to Approaches in Psychology Essay 1

Introduction to Approaches in Psychology 1 - seek ExamplePavlov who trained dogs to salivate in response to two stimuli, noise or light, and food or a sour solution. John B. Watson, considered as the father of behaviourism, conducted an experiment with an 11-month-old child, Albert. He presented the child with a specious frightening bang and a rat at the same time. After six or 7 repetitions of the noise and rat together over a week, the child became afraid of the rat, which he was not earlier.1. in condition(p) fear and anxiety the phobias that many people experience are due to learn. We burn down consider an character of a child and his father travelling in a plane. The father jokes about how the plane can crash. Since he finds it very funny, he decides to say it whenever they travel in a plane. Many years later, heretofore though the child has grown up, he is afraid to travel in a plane. Conditioning has ca utilize the fear.2. advertise In a beer advertisement featuring a young attractive char wearing a bikini, the woman (US-unconditioned stimulus) evokes a mildly aroused feeling (UR-unconditioned response) in most men. The beer is associated with the classic conditioning effect. (Classical Conditioning, 1996.)Waschulewski-Floruss H, Miltner W, 1994, investigated whether experimental torture responses can be conditioned using auditory stimuli in a differential trace conditioning paradigm in 16 healthy subjects. An intracutaneous electrical stimulus applied to the left middle-finger (10 ms duration) was the UCS. Tones of 1000 and 1400 Hz were used as CS+ and CS-, respectively. A trace conditioning paradigm was used with an 800 ms interval between CS and UCS. Twenty nine electrode sites recorded somatosensory event think potentials (SEP) and auditory event related potentials (AEP). Subjective pain reports were noted. The results revealed significant differences of the subjective sensations between the CS+ and CS-, just not in the amplitudes and l atencies of the P50, N100, P200, and P300 AEP